This study examines mother-child reminiscing conversations with respect to variation in use and function of mothers' elaborations, the nature of children's memory elaborations, and the connections between the two, in three Western middle-class cultures where autonomy is valued over relatedness. Mothers participated with their 4-year-old children…

This article reports findings of the Wurzburg and Gottingen Longitudinal Memory Studies, which focused on children's verbal memory development. The studies started with 102 (German) kindergarten children in Wurzburg and 86 second-graders in Gottingen who were tested on various memory measures, including sort-recall, memory capacity, metamemory,…