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Macho-Man in School: Toward the Role of Gender Role Self-Concepts and Help Seeking in School Performance
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Kessels, Ursula; Steinmayr, Ricarda – Learning and Individual Differences, 2013
This study seeks to understand boys' lower academic success by analysing the relationship between sex, gender role self-concept, help seeking attitudes, and school performance in a sample of 182 German 11th grade students (83 girls, 99 boys), age 16. Grades at two points in time, intelligence test data, help-seeking attitudes, gender role…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Intelligence Tests, Sex Role, Intelligence
Reciprocal Effects between Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence and Their Dependence on Parents' Socioeconomic Status and Education
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Rindermann, Heiner; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Mansur-Alves, Marcela – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
The investment theory of Cattell supposes an influence of fluid on crystallized intelligence. The development of fluid intelligence largely depends on biological factors, of crystallized intelligence on fluid intelligence and environmental stimulation. To test this theory two contrasting samples representing a broad ability range were chosen, a…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Socioeconomic Status, Intervals, Intelligence Quotient
The Roles of Cognitive and Motivational Predictors in Explaining School Achievement in Elementary School
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Weber, Heike S.; Lu, Liping; Shi, Jiannong; Spinath, Frank M. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2013
The present study investigated the roles of cognitive (working memory, intelligence) and motivational variables (self-perceived ability, intrinsic value) in explaining school achievement. The sample consisted of N = 320 German elementary school children in the fourth grade. Working memory and intelligence were assessed in the classroom.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Academic Achievement, Motivation, Short Term Memory
How Do Motivational Regulation Strategies Affect Achievement: Mediated by Effort Management and Moderated by Intelligence
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Schwinger, Malte; Steinmayr, Ricarda; Spinath, Birgit – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
It was assumed that the effect of motivational regulation strategies on achievement is mediated by effort management and moderated by intelligence. A sample of 231 11th and 12th grade German high-school students provided self-reports on their use of motivational regulation strategies and effort management and completed an intelligence test.…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Grade Point Average, Learning Strategies, Intelligence Tests
The Benefit of Being a Big Fish in a Big Pond: Contrast and Assimilation Effects on Academic Self-Concept
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Preckel, Franzis; Brull, Matthias – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
This study investigates the effects of class-average ability (intelligence) and class type (gifted vs. regular) on Math academic self-concept. The sample comprised 722 fifth-grade students (376 female) in a setting of full-time ability grouping at the top track of the German secondary high school system. Students came from 34 different classes at…
Descriptors: Grades (Scholastic), Intelligence, Academically Gifted, Standardized Tests
The Importance of Motivation as a Predictor of School Achievement
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Steinmayr, Ricarda; Spinath, Birgit – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
The present study examined to which extent different motivational concepts contribute to the prediction of school achievement among adolescent students independently from intelligence. A sample of 342 11th and 12th graders (age M = 16.94; SD = .71) was investigated. Students gave self-reports on domain-specific values, ability self-perceptions,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Student Motivation, Prediction, Grade 12