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Werner Greve; Martin Koch; Verena Rasche; Kristin Kersten – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
The cognitive advantage (CA) hypothesis claims that multilingualism promotes the development of several basic cognitive capacities. A large number of empirical findings support this hypothesis, but recently there have also been numerous contradictory findings and methodological objections. The present paper extends the investigation of possible…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Cognitive Ability, Monolingualism, Multilingualism
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Kranz, David; Schween, Michael; Graulich, Nicole – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2023
Reaction mechanisms are a core component of organic chemistry. Being able to handle these mechanisms is a central skill for students in this discipline. Diagnosing and fostering mechanistic reasoning is hence an important branch of chemistry education research. When it comes to reasoning about mechanisms, students often experience difficulties…
Descriptors: Organic Chemistry, Science Instruction, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Thinking Skills
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Schwichow, Martin; Brandenburger, Martina; Wilbers, Jens – International Journal of Science Education, 2022
Designing and interpreting controlled experiments are important inquiry skills addressed in many current science curricula. The relevant skills associated with the design and interpretation of controlled experiments are summarised under the term control-of-variables strategy (CVS). Research on elementary school students' CVS skills shows that they…
Descriptors: Research Design, Inquiry, Elementary School Students, Comparative Analysis
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Löffler, Christoph; Frischkorn, Gidon T.; Rummel, Jan; Hagemann, Dirk; Schubert, Anna-Lena – Journal of Intelligence, 2022
The worst performance rule (WPR) describes the phenomenon that individuals' slowest responses in a task are often more predictive of their intelligence than their fastest or average responses. To explain this phenomenon, it was previously suggested that occasional lapses of attention during task completion might be associated with particularly…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Reaction Time, Intelligence, Task Analysis
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Moretti, Luca; Koch, Iring; Steinhauser, Marco; Schuch, Stefanie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Studies of switching between tasks and studies of error commission have both provided solid behavioral measures of executive control. Nonetheless, a gap remains between these strands of research. In three experiments we sought to reduce this gap by assessing the impact of task errors on N-2 repetition costs, an effect supposedly related to…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Error Patterns, Cognitive Ability, Attention Control
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Lippold, Matthias; Schulz-Hardt, Stefan; Schultze, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
One benefit of working in groups is that group members can learn from each other how to perform the task, a phenomenon called group-to-individual transfer (G-I transfer). In the context of quantitative judgments, G-I transfer means that group members improve their individual accuracy as a consequence of exchanging task-relevant information. This…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Task Analysis, Group Discussion, Group Dynamics
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Goecke, Benjamin; Schmitz, Florian; Wilhelm, Oliver – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Performance in elementary cognitive tasks is moderately correlated with fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. These correlations are higher for more complex tasks, presumably due to increased demands on working memory capacity. In accordance with the binding hypothesis, which states that working memory capacity reflects the limit of a…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Reaction Time
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Panzer, Stefan; Pfeifer, Christina; Leinen, Peter; Shea, Charles – Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 2022
The aim of this experiment was to determine if dyad practice helped individuals become aware, use, and retain information in a dynamically changing perceptual-motor task compared with practice alone. We used a computerized perceptual-motor task, where individuals were required to intercept balls that dropped from the top of the screen. A colored…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Psychomotor Skills, Physical Activities, Perceptual Motor Coordination
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Penke, Martina; Wimmer, Eva – First Language, 2020
In individuals with Down syndrome (DS) deficits in verbal short-term memory (VSTM) and deficits in sentence comprehension co-occur, suggesting that deficits in VSTM might be causal for the deficits in sentence comprehension. The present study aims to explore the presumed relationship between VSTM and sentence comprehension in individuals with DS…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Processing, German, Native Language
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Henry, Nick; Jackson, Carrie N.; Hopp, Holger – Second Language Research, 2022
This article explores how multiple linguistic cues interact in predictive processing among second language (L2) learners. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, we investigated whether learners of German use case and prosody cues together to assign thematic roles and predict post-verbal arguments. During the experiment, participants listened…
Descriptors: Cues, Phrase Structure, German, Language Processing
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Langeloh, Miriam; Buttelmann, David; Pauen, Sabina; Hoehl, Stefanie – Developmental Psychology, 2020
Behavioral research has shown that 12- but not 9-month-olds imitate an unusual and inefficient action (turning on a lamp with one's forehead) more when the model's hands are free. Rational-imitation accounts suggest that infants evaluate actions based on the rationality principle, that is, they expect people to choose efficient means to achieve a…
Descriptors: Infants, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Video Technology
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Schuch, Stefanie; Pütz, Sebastian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The present study investigated the influence of mood state (positive vs. negative) on the cognitive control process of conflict adaptation. A task-switching paradigm was applied, allowing to assess conflict adaptation both within tasks and across tasks. A success-failure manipulation was applied for mood induction. Within-task conflict adaptation…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Positive Attitudes, Negative Attitudes, Conflict
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Kulke, Louisa; Rakoczy, Hannes – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2019
Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to agents, has usually been measured with explicit verbal tasks and found to develop slowly during the preschool years. New implicit ToM measures have lately revolutionized the field by suggesting that ToM may be present much earlier in development. However, recent replication studies of…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Role, Preschool Children, Theory of Mind
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Tamasi, Katalin; McKean, Christina; Gafos, Adamantios; Hohle, Barbara – Journal of Child Language, 2019
In a preferential looking paradigm, we studied how children's looking behavior and pupillary response were modulated by the degree of phonological mismatch between the correct label of a target referent and its manipulated form. We manipulated degree of mismatch by introducing one or more featural changes to the target label. Both looking behavior…
Descriptors: Phonology, Child Language, Preferences, Child Behavior
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Stegenwallner-Schütz, Maja; Adani, Flavia – Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics, 2020
This study examines the discourse basis for referent accessibility and its relation to the choice of referring expressions by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typically developing children. The aim is to delineate how the linguistic and extra-linguistic context affects referent accessibility to the speaker. The study also examines…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Syntax
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