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Jaekel, Nils; Schurig, Michael; Florian, Merle; Ritter, Markus – Language Learning, 2017
Foreign language education has now been implemented at the elementary school level across Europe, and early foreign language education has gained traction following language policies set by the European Commission. The long-term effects of an early start, however, have not received ample scientific scrutiny. The present study assessed early…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Grade 5, Grade 7, Foreign Countries
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Schmid, Monika S.; Dusseldorp, Elise – Second Language Research, 2010
Most linguistic processes--acquisition, change, deterioration--take place in and are determined by a complex and multifactorial web of language internal and language external influences. This implies that the impact of each individual factor can only be determined on the basis of a careful consideration of its interplay with all other factors. The…
Descriptors: Language Skill Attrition, Reference Groups, Predictor Variables, Language Attitudes