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Li, Wei; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2016
Class size reduction policies have been widely implemented around the world in recent years. However, findings about the effects of class size on student achievement have been mixed. This study examines class size effects on fourth-grade mathematics achievement in 14 European countries using data from TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and…
Descriptors: Class Size, Grade 4, Mathematics Achievement, Evidence
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Wilkesmann, Uwe – Tertiary Education and Management, 2013
The leadership literature distinguishes two modes of governance, which can also be applied to the governance of universities: transactional and transformational. Transactional governance encompasses all forms of managerial governance, including selective incentives and monitoring capacity. The theoretical underpinning of this mode can be found in…
Descriptors: Educational Change, Governance, Administrator Role, Self Determination