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Osterhaus, Christopher; Kristen-Antonow, Susanne; Kloo, Daniela; Sodian, Beate – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2022
First-order theory of mind (ToM) development has shown to conform to a Guttman scale, with desire reasoning developing before belief reasoning. There have been attempts to test for internal consistency and scalability in advanced ToM, but not over a broad age range and only with a limited set of tasks. This 2-year longitudinal study (N = 155;…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Preschool Children, Longitudinal Studies, Task Analysis
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Schmitterer, Alexandra M. A.; Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Research in Reading, 2018
Background: German children do not formally learn letter-sounds before school entry. In this study, we evaluated kindergarten children's sensitivity to the frequency of letters and visually similar symbols in child-directed texts, how it develops and whether it predicts early reading abilities. Method: In a longitudinal study from kindergarten to…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Foreign Countries, Emergent Literacy, Early Childhood Education