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Zendler, Andreas; Klaudt, Dieter; Seitz, Cornelia – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2014
The authors discuss empirically determined competence areas to K-12 computer science education, emphasizing the cognitive level of competence. The results of a questionnaire with 120 professors of computer science serve as a database. By using multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis, four competence areas to computer science education…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Computer Science Education, Competence, Cognitive Processes
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Mayer, Axel; Steyer, Rolf; Mueller, Horst – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2012
We present a 3-step approach to defining latent growth components. In the first step, a measurement model with at least 2 indicators for each time point is formulated to identify measurement error variances and obtain latent variables that are purged from measurement error. In the second step, we use contrast matrices to define the latent growth…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Measurement, Structural Equation Models, Error of Measurement