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Jana Welling; Timo Gnambs; Claus H. Carstensen – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
Disengaged responding poses a severe threat to the validity of educational large-scale assessments, because item responses from unmotivated test-takers do not reflect their actual ability. Existing identification approaches rely primarily on item response times, which bears the risk of misclassifying fast engaged or slow disengaged responses.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Guessing (Tests), Multiple Choice Tests
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Löffler, Christoph; Frischkorn, Gidon T.; Rummel, Jan; Hagemann, Dirk; Schubert, Anna-Lena – Journal of Intelligence, 2022
The worst performance rule (WPR) describes the phenomenon that individuals' slowest responses in a task are often more predictive of their intelligence than their fastest or average responses. To explain this phenomenon, it was previously suggested that occasional lapses of attention during task completion might be associated with particularly…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Reaction Time, Intelligence, Task Analysis
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Jost, Kerstin; Wendt, Mike; Luna-Rodriguez, Aquiles; Löw, Andreas; Jacobsen, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In choice reaction time (RT) tasks, performance is often influenced by the presence of nominally irrelevant stimuli, referred to as distractors. Recent research provided evidence that distractor processing can be adjusted to the utility of the distractors: Distractors predictive of the upcoming target/response were more attended to and also…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Stimuli, College Students, Foreign Countries
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Janczyk, Markus; Pfister, Roland; Wallmeier, Gloria; Kunde, Wilfried – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Psychological research has documented again and again marked performance decrements whenever humans perform 2 or more tasks at the same time. In fact, the available evidence seems to suggest that any type of behavior is subject to such limitations. The present experiments employed the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm to identify a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Task Analysis, Experimental Psychology, Experiments
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Obersteiner, Andreas; Reiss, Kristina; Ufer, Stefan; Luwel, Koen; Verschaffel, Lieven – Cognition and Instruction, 2014
External number representations are commonly used throughout the first years of instruction. The twenty-frame is a grid that contains two rows of 10 dots each, and within each row, dots are organized in two groups of five. The assumption is that children can make use of these structures for enumerating the dots, rather than relying on one-by-one…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Elementary School Students, Numbers, Number Concepts
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Schilbach, Leonhard; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Kuzmanovic, Bojana; Vogeley, Kai – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2012
Perceiving someone else's gaze shift toward an object can influence how this object will be manipulated by the observer, suggesting a modulatory effect of a gaze-based social context on action control. High-functioning autism (HFA) is characterized by impairments of social interaction, which may be associated with an inability to automatically…
Descriptors: Cues, Reaction Time, Autism, Social Cognition
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Kopiez, Reinhard; Lee, Ji In – Music Education Research, 2006
This study investigates the relationship between selected predictors of achievement in playing unrehearsed music (sight reading) and the changing complexity of sight reading tasks. The question under investigation is, how different variables gain or lose significance as sight reading stimuli become more difficult. Fifty-two piano major graduates…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Ability, Stimuli, Memory