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Jana Welling; Timo Gnambs; Claus H. Carstensen – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
Disengaged responding poses a severe threat to the validity of educational large-scale assessments, because item responses from unmotivated test-takers do not reflect their actual ability. Existing identification approaches rely primarily on item response times, which bears the risk of misclassifying fast engaged or slow disengaged responses.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Guessing (Tests), Multiple Choice Tests
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Zhao, Fang; Gaschler, Robert; Schnotz, Wolfgang; Wagner, Inga – Frontline Learning Research, 2020
Regulation of distance to the screen (i.e., head-to-screen distance, fluctuation of head-to-screen distance) has been proved to reflect the cognitive engagement of the reader. However, it is still not clear (a) whether regulation of distance to the screen can be a potential parameter to infer high cognitive load and (b) whether it can predict the…
Descriptors: Proximity, Computer Use, Learner Engagement, Cognitive Processes
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Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the…
Descriptors: Reading Rate, Reading Comprehension, Cognitive Ability, Reading Tests
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Nagy, Gabriel; Nagengast, Benjamin; Frey, Andreas; Becker, Michael; Rose, Norman – Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2019
Position effects (PE) cause decreasing probabilities of correct item responses towards the end of a test. We analysed PEs in science, mathematics and reading tests administered in the German extension to the PISA 2006 study with respect to their variability at the student- and school-level. PEs were strongest in reading and weakest in mathematics.…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment
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Wendt, Heike; Kasper, Daniel; Trendtel, Matthias – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2017
Background: Large-scale cross-national studies designed to measure student achievement use different social, cultural, economic and other background variables to explain observed differences in that achievement. Prior to their inclusion into a prediction model, these variables are commonly scaled into latent background indices. To allow…
Descriptors: Measurement, Achievement Tests, Cultural Differences, Socioeconomic Influences