In order for teachers to successfully gain new knowledge during professional development (PD), courses must be of high quality and stimulate active involvement from participants. More and more PD courses are taking place online, without clear evidence of whether face-to-face and online courses differ in terms of their quality or level of…

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the extent to which education for sustainable development (ESD) training enhances university teachers' professional competence and whether it has the same effect in the digital as in the face-to-face format. Design/methodology/approach: A training concept was developed based on the professional action competence…