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Christine Schmalenbach; Winnie-Karen Giera; Daniela Niesta Kayser; Simone Plöger – Intercultural Education, 2025
The present contribution illuminates the initial developments in the adoption of Complex Instruction in Germany, where the implementation of the approach has just begun. It gives insights into a teacher education project, a theatre project, and a planned project at secondary schools.
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Difficulty Level, Teaching Methods, Educational Principles
Özcan, Halil Ziya; Batur, Zekerya – International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2021
Literacy is a term generally used for adults and young people. Basically, it is an acquisition that includes the process of reading, writing and understanding symbols in any language. While this concept, whose definition and scope has expanded over time, refers to people who can only say their names in the past, today it refers to individuals who…
Descriptors: Bibliometrics, Journal Articles, Difficulty Level, Reading Comprehension
Hackemann, Timo; Heine, Lena; Höttecke, Dietmar – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2022
Students with high reading proficiency typically achieve better results in science assessments, indicating the importance of reading proficiency. Since the process of reading is a complex interaction between properties of a text and a reader, the linguistic demands of a text might affect text comprehension. Certain linguistic features, such as…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Physics, Reader Text Relationship, Linguistics
Cruz Neri, Nadine; Retelsdorf, Jan – Exceptional Children, 2022
Previous research illustrated that reading comprehension and science performance correlate highly. Because students with specific learning disorders with impairments in reading (SLD-IR) show deficits in reading comprehension, they may struggle to perform in science. As language in science is characterized by linguistic complexity, the question…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Reading Difficulties, Reading Comprehension, Science Achievement
Kaplan-Rakowski, Regina; Gruber, Alice – Research-publishing.net, 2022
Many language learners lack the motivation to read complex texts. Because high-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly reported to be highly motivating, the goal of our study was to compare English as a Second Language (ESL) learners' (N=79) motivation while reading a story with subtitles in VR (experimental group) versus reading the same…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Reading Motivation, Immersion Programs, Computer Simulation
Schroeder, Sascha; Häikiö, Tuomo; Pagán, Ascensión; Dickins, Jonathan H.; Hyönä, Jukka; Liversedge, Simon P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In this study, we investigated developmental aspects of eye movements during reading of three languages (English, German, and Finnish) that vary widely in their orthographic complexity and predictability. Grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules are rather complex in English and German but relatively simple in Finnish. Despite their differences in…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, English, German
Safak, Duygu Fatma; Hopp, Holger – Second Language Research, 2022
To pinpoint difficulties in the second language (L2) processing of temporarily ambiguous sentences, this study investigates first language (L1) effects and effects of verb bias, i.e. frequency information about preferential verb complements, on semantic persistence effects in L2 sentence comprehension. We tested 32 L1 German and 32 L1 Turkish…
Descriptors: Verbs, Semantics, Second Language Learning, Language Processing
Schnotz, Wolfgang; Wagner, Inga – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2018
Conjoint processing of text and pictures is assumed to possess an inherent asymmetry, because text and pictures serve fundamentally different but complementary functions. Conjoint processing is assumed to start with general, coherence-oriented mental model construction. When certain tasks have to be solved, the mental model is adjusted to the task…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Schemata (Cognition), Reading Comprehension
Lenhard, Wolfgang; Schroeders, Ulrich; Lenhard, Alexandra – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2017
As reading and reading assessment become increasingly implemented on electronic devices, the question arises whether reading on screen is comparable with reading on paper. To examine potential differences, we studied reading processes on different proficiency and complexity levels. Specifically, we used data from the standardization sample of the…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Processes, Difficulty Level, Reading Skills
Harsch, Claudia; Hartig, Johannes – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2015
The study reported here investigates the validity of judgments made when aligning tests to the "Common European Framework of Reference" (CEFR). Listening tests operationalizing pre-defined difficulty-determining characteristics were to be aligned to CEFR levels. We employed a modified version of the item-descriptor-matching-method. Ten…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Listening Comprehension Tests, Language Tests, Alignment (Education)
Tiffin-Richards, Simon P.; Pant, Hans Anand; Koller, Olaf – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2013
Cut-scores were set by expert judges on assessments of reading and listening comprehension of English as a foreign language (EFL), using the bookmark standard-setting method to differentiate proficiency levels defined by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Assessments contained stratified item samples drawn from extensive item…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Standard Setting (Scoring)
Hartig, Johannes; Frey, Andreas; Nold, Gunter; Klieme, Eckhard – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2012
The article compares three different methods to estimate effects of task characteristics and to use these estimates for model-based proficiency scaling: prediction of item difficulties from the Rasch model, the linear logistic test model (LLTM), and an LLTM including random item effects (LLTM+e). The methods are applied to empirical data from a…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Models, Methods, Computation
Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2011
This study investigated the reading behavior of 15-year-old students while reading texts and answering corresponding multiple-choice questions. The availability of the texts during question answering was manipulated experimentally. Allocation of resources to several cognitive processes at the word, sentence, and text level was measured by…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Reading Comprehension, Verbal Ability, Time
Conradty, Catherine; Bogner, Franz X. – Educational Studies, 2010
Concept mapping is discussed as a means to promote meaningful learning and in particular progress in reading comprehension skills. Its increasing implementation necessitates the acquisition of adequate knowledge about frequent errors in order to make available an effective introduction to the new learning method. To analyse causes of errors, 283…
Descriptors: Concept Mapping, Reading Comprehension, Grade 6, Misconceptions
Martin, Michael O., Ed.; Mullis, Ina V. S., Ed. – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2013
TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) is an international assessment of mathematics and science at the fourth and eighth grades that has been conducted every four years since 1995, with the most recent assessment in 2011. PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is an international assessment of reading…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, Mathematics Achievement, Science Achievement, Grade 4