Identifies problems associated with exact definitions of the concept 'tribe' and presents a discussion of characteristics of the tribal communities of India as a case study of difficulties associated with knowing what constitutes a tribe. Reviews anthropological, sociological, and historical accounts of tribal life and organization. (DB)

The applicability of transferability principles to language contact in the British Isles, especially Ireland, is shown with a detailed discussion of absolute constructions, structures with interesting relations between syntax and discourse, and with susceptibility to cross-linguistic influence. Evidence for transferability of absolutes in…

A review of recent studies addressed the functional uses of code mixing across cultures. Expressions of code mixing (CM) are not random; in fact, a number of functions of code mixing can easily be delineated, for example, the concept of "modernization.""Modernization" is viewed with respect to how bilingual code mixers perceive…