Online learning and examinations have become inevitable post-pandemic and a new normal has been seen globally. Virtual learning (VL) is a relatively new model that has grown pervasively in our academic life. The paradigm shift (face-to-face to virtual learning) is inevitable as VLEs like Google Meet, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, and…

The meaningful learning process of an individual is understood separately with his emotional aspect or cognitive aspect. Cognition and emotions are interrelated, and hence in the learning process it requires functions of both the domains. Cognition can be a basis for emotion and the emotional process can have cognitive outcome. Therefore the aim…

Language anxiety is a prevalent phenomenon in second language learning. This experiment examines the arousal of anxiety caused by the introduction of a video camera at various points in a vocabulary learning task. Two hundred sixteen students of 1st-year university English language course were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (a) one group…