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Download full textNaYoung Hwang; Cory Koedel – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
We study the peer effects of grade retention in the context of Indiana's statewide third-grade retention policy. When a retention occurs, it changes the peer group for two cohorts: rising fourth graders who lose a peer and rising third graders who gain a peer. We identify peer effects in both cohorts by leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Grade 3, Educational Policy, Elementary School Students
