Integrating literacy in science and mathematics learning and teaching has been an ongoing endeavour. There are frameworks developed to guide teachers' practices, but little is reported on assessing literacy simultaneously with scientific or mathematical content knowledge. We reviewed the literature on assessing literacy in science and mathematics…

The purpose of this study is to describe the multicultural education learning model in the subject of social studies at the First Middle School in Maluku, Indonesia. Multicultural education has a very important role in every learning process, because multicultural education is able to have a positive impact on futures for Indonesia as a…

The purpose of this study is to determine the strategies teachers use in teaching social tolerance to elementary school students. Social tolerance is an attitude where a person accepts a difference in terms of religion, race, culture, ethnicity, nation, and others. In the context of social tolerance, students can understand others who are from…

Intercultural competence (IC) has been one of the main targets of multicultural education. Our research investigated the conceptualisation of IC by lecturers at the State Islamic Universities of Bengkulu (known as PTAIN Bengkulu) and their efforts to internalise IC into learning processes. This mixed-method research employed a concurrent-embedded…

This study aimed to assess the degree to which Indonesian secondary school EFL teachers have integrated 21st-century skills into their teaching and to investigate teachers' perceptions of their understanding of these skills and the significance of training for skill integration. Furthermore, the study sought to determine whether differences in…

This study aims to develop a CRET (culturally responsive English teaching) model using development studies consisting of a preliminary design and formative evaluation. Two English teachers and 33 fifth graders from Medan primary schools in Indonesia participated in the study. Classroom observation, semi-structured interviews, reflective journals,…

This research aimed to investigate the spiritual and social attitudes of students with different academic abilities towards four educational models: problem based learning (PBL); numbered heads together (NHT); integrated PBL and NHT; and multi-strategies model. This quasi-experimental investigation employed a pretest-posttest non-equivalent…