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Direct linkMariusz Kruk; Miroslaw Pawlak; Majid Elahi Shirvan; Tahereh Taherian; Elham Yazdanmehr – Language Teaching Research, 2025
The present research aimed to explore the dynamic growth of two emotional constructs: foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) among L2 learners. To do so, we used a method that would capture the inherent dynamicity of L2 learners' enjoyment and boredom during an EFL course. To this aim, a bivariate latent…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Psychological Patterns, English (Second Language), Emotional Response
Miroslaw Pawlak; Ali Derakhshan; Mostafa Mehdizadeh; Mariusz Kruk – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Although boredom has been the subject of increasing scrutiny in second language (L2) learning recently, very little is known about how this emotion can affect teachers and students involved in COVID-19 prompted online English education. To address this gap, through maximum variation sampling, this qualitative study surveyed the opinions of 34…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Negative Attitudes, Electronic Learning, English (Second Language)
