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Rezaeian, Mahbubeh; Seyyedrezaei, Seyyed Hassan; Barani, Ghasem; Seyyedrezaei, Zari Sadat – International Journal of Language Testing, 2020
Individuals are controlled by tests in every advanced society when they want to be admitted in educational courses, to proceed from one stage to the next, or to be given a certificate (Shohamy, 2001b). Accordingly, the present study was carried out to construct and validate educational, social, and psychological consequences questionnaires of…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Factor Analysis
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Tajeddin, Zia; Khatib, Mohammad; Mahdavi, Mohsen – Language Testing, 2022
Critical language assessment (CLA) has been addressed in numerous studies. However, the majority of the studies have overlooked the need for a practical framework to measure the CLA dimension of teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL). This gap prompted us to develop and validate a critical language assessment literacy (CLAL) scale to further…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Tests