This study sought to investigate the relationship between language mindsets and grammar learning strategies and grammatical performance among English as L2 and L3 learners. Moreover, this study examined fixed and growth language mindsets across gender and language groups. The sample included 320 (N[subscript L2] = 160, N[subscript L3] = 160)…

The current study investigated how perfectionism can be related to L2 learners' achievement with motivation and two aspects of self-regulated learning as possible mediators. This study also evaluated the factor structure of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) in an Iranian sample. The participants were 495 Iranian high school students who…

Life-long learning requires that language learners be well prepared for the target situations they will be operating in. To achieve this goal and to improve education for sustainable development, language teachers and language educators need to motivate language learners to participate in the target language. The present study, therefore,…

This study attempted to investigate the relationship between EFL learners' motivation and internal locus of control under the framework of self-determination theory. In addition, the study examined the relation between EFL learners' age and gender regarding their motivation and internal locus of control. To this end, a convenience sample of 115…

Given the fact that reading is considered as a crucial language skill through which the reader can interact with the author to obtain the required information for the higher communication and participation in the current literary society (Walker in Diagnostic teaching of reading: techniques for instruction and assessment, Merril, Columbus, 2000),…

Classroom structure includes organizing and designing the class. Based on the theory of achievement, the context and structure of the educational environment affect student's performance, motivation, and emotion. The present study was conducted to find out whether the perception of classroom structure can predict mental health of the students? The…

By shifting the focus of studies in applied linguistics from negative psychology to positive psychology, psychological capital (PsyCap) consisting of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience can be an influential factor in the language classrooms. Prior studies have emphasized the role that PsyCap plays in management, though little attention…

Given the prominence of mindfulness in educational settings and the fact that little attention has been given to this concept in foreign language learning, the present study sets out to explore the influence of mindfulness and L2 resilience on Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) learners' self-fulfilment, and L2 motivation. To meet this…

This study aims to identify which technology-based out-of-class activities are more commonly used by Iranian EFL learners outside language classrooms. Furthermore, it explored the relationship between the use of technology-based out-of-class language learning activities (TBOCLLAs) by EFL learners and three individual learner characteristics such…

The present study explored English as a foreign language (EFL) students' motivation and self-efficacy. This is accomplished by incorporating the ten subfactors of L2 motivational self-system namely; criterion measures, ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, family influence, instrumentality promotion, instrumentality prevention, attitudes towards…

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' willingness and conformity with post-method pedagogy and their teaching effectiveness. The participants comprised 134 EFL teachers teaching and 487 EFL learners studying at different language institutes in several cities of Iran.…

Learned helplessness as a negative motivational state can latently underlie repeated failures and create negative feelings toward the education as well as depression in students and other members of a society. The purpose of this paper is to predict learned helplessness based on students' personality traits. The research is a predictive…

This study examined willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among Iranian EFL learners in the classroom context. For this purpose, a second language willingness to communicate (L2WTC) model based on WTC theory (MacIntyre, Clément, Dörnyei, and Noels, 1998) and empirical studies was proposed and tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).…

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Iranian EFL Learners' Cultural intelligence (CQ) and their performance on the IELTS Listening Module. Sixty advanced EFL students majoring in English translation at University of Zanjan were matched for the study through the Oxford Quick Placement Test. Cultural Intelligence Scale developed…

This study investigated the effect of motivational factors on English achievement in an intensive English course. The participants consisted of 164 Iranian male military staff, aged from 20 to 30. The participants filled a translated and adapted version of the mini-Attitude Motivation Test Battery (a=0.70). Factor analysis of the questionnaire…