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Download full textAriamanesh, Ali A.; Barati, Hossein; Youhanaee, Manijeh – International TESOL Journal, 2022
The present study investigated the speaking module of TOEFL iBT with an emphasis on the dichotomy of independent and integrated tasks. The potential differences between the two speaking conditions were intended to be explored based on the oral performance elicited from a group of Iranian test takers. To collect the required data, a simulated…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Computer Assisted Testing
Khajavy, Gholam Hassan; Makiabadi, Hossein; Navokhi, Samaneh Abdi – Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2019
By shifting the focus of studies in applied linguistics from negative psychology to positive psychology, psychological capital (PsyCap) consisting of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience can be an influential factor in the language classrooms. Prior studies have emphasized the role that PsyCap plays in management, though little attention…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Psychological Patterns, Resilience (Psychology), Student Motivation
Nushi, Musa – Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2016
Han's (2009, 2013) selective fossilization hypothesis (SFH) claims that L1 markedness and L2 input robustness determine the fossilizability (and learnability) of an L2 feature. To test the validity of the model, a pseudo-longitudinal study was designed in which the errors in the argumentative essays of 52 Iranian EFL learners were identified and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Longitudinal Studies, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
