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Download full textMahmoudi, Leila; Abu Bakar, Kamariah – International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2013
The washback effect of high-stakes tests has been explored in different countries and various educational contexts. Washback generally refers to the influence of testing on teaching and learning (Alderson & Wall, 1993). This paper which is a part of a larger study seeks to report the perceptions and attitudes of Iranian pre-university English…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English Teachers, Secondary School Teachers, English (Second Language)
