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Achievement Data in IEA Studies and Simpson's Paradox
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Zuzovsky, Ruth; Steinberg, David M.; Libman, Zipi – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 2011
This paper is meant to highlight the occurrence of Simpson's Paradox when using aggregated data obtained from two IEA studies in Israel, while ignoring the effect of a powerful intervening variable in the local context--the ethnicity factor. It will demonstrate faulty conclusions regarding either the absence of relationships between a contextual…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Inferences, Databases, Misconceptions