Considers educational planning as a communication of shared symbols creating intent geared toward change. Elaborates 11 groups of metaphorical images of planning (as circle, recipe, compass, map, puzzle, tree, maze, Ariadne's thread, prediction, art, and spider's web) bridging impression and expression. Relates this metaphorical analysis to…

The relationship among various characteristics of evaluation studies and their overall quality was studied using all of the evaluation studies (N=366) conducted in Israel over 30 years on special projects for disadvantaged students at the elementary school level. The following variables were defined to describe each study: (1) evaluation…