Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine what ICT coordinators perceive as the main elements of knowledge needed to implement ICT successfully into school culture. Background: For the past few years, Israel's Ministry of Education has been running a national program of adapting the education system to the 21st century skills. Key teachers…

Principals' implementation of national reforms in the educational arena resembles a wild ride on a roller coaster as they face with contradicting demands, ongoing confusion and ambiguity. As critical change agents, principals interpret and translate reform demands into local practices through a process of sense-making. This current qualitative…

This study describes an attempt to introduce change into an educational system. A new science program (MATAL) consisting of new teaching materials, teaching strategies and training courses--was developed and implemented in kindergarten classrooms. Major hypotheses were that (1) the kindergarten is a system; educational change will be achieved…