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Manna, Venessa; Yoo, Hanwook; Monfils, Lora – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
In this study, we assessed the invariance in the factor structure underlying English-language proficiency for two groups of adolescent learners in Japan: students in middle school (ages 13-15 years) and students in high school (ages 16-18 years). Language proficiency was measured using the "TOEFL Junior"® Comprehensive test, an…
Descriptors: Testing, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Performance
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Kamiya, Nobuhiro – Language Testing in Asia, 2017
The National Center Test is a test that high school graduates take in order to be matriculated into the majority of universities in Japan. Its English section (NCT), though, is scheduled to be replaced by commercially available private English tests of four skills (reading, listening, speaking, writing) due to the fact that NCT currently measures…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, High School Graduates