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Download full textArai, Yuya – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
Although proponents of extensive reading (ER) have recommended easy reading material, book difficulty has been poorly defined and operationalized in previous studies. The present study argues for the use of perceived text difficulty for operationalizing book difficulty based on empirical findings (Holster et al., 2017), reading purposes in ER, and…
Descriptors: Reading Materials, Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Yuya Arai – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
In second or foreign language (L2) extensive reading (ER) studies, learners have been encouraged to read easy books despite the lack of consensus concerning how to define book difficulty. In light of previous studies reporting that book difficulty can play an important role in learners' affect in ER (e.g., Bahmani & Farvardin, 2017; Chiang,…
Descriptors: Reading Strategies, Time, Difficulty Level, Student Attitudes
Bazan, Bartolo – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
In this study, I sought to investigate whether visuospatial working memory (VWM) explains individual differences in reading fluency growth. One hundred and thirty Japanese junior and senior high school students were administered the Mr. Peanut and reversed Corsi tasks, respectively as measures of VWM, followed by three waves of reading fluency…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Short Term Memory, Reading Fluency, Reading Rate
Yukino Kimura – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
This study examined the effects of relevance instructions on English as a foreign language (EFL) readers' text processing and memories. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: the experimental condition, where they read texts to identify a specific category of information, and the control condition, where they read texts…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Holster, Trevor A.; Lake, J. W.; Pellowe, William R. – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2017
This study used many-faceted Rasch measurement to investigate the difficulty of graded readers using a 3-item survey. Book difficulty was compared with Kyoto Level, Yomiyasusa Level, Lexile Level, book length, mean sentence length, and mean word frequency. Word frequency and Kyoto Level were found to be ineffective in predicting students'…
Descriptors: Basal Reading, Difficulty Level, Books, Surveys
Beglar, David; Hunt, Alan – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2014
This study investigated the effects of (a) the amount of pleasure reading completed, (b) the type of texts read (i.e., simplified or unsimplified books), and (c) the level of simplified texts read by 14 Japanese university students who made the largest reading rate gains over one academic year. The findings indicated that the participants who made…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Recreational Reading, Readability, Difficulty Level
Peer reviewedKitao, Kenji; And Others – Reading in a Foreign Language, 1990
Reports the results of a survey that was conducted to determine the success achieved in increased reading of English associated with the use of graded readers for individualized reading in Japan. Recommendations are suggested for improving the program. (nine references) (GLR)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, Independent Reading
