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Direct linkAsano, Tadayoshi; Yamaoka, Michio – Studies in Higher Education, 2015
The authors administered a Japanese version of the Test of Understanding in College Economics, the fourth edition (TUCE-4) to assess the economic literacy of Japanese undergraduate students in 2006 and 2009. These two test results were combined to investigate students' cognitive process or reasoning with specific economic concepts and principles…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Undergraduate Students, Cognitive Processes, Economic Factors
Peer reviewedCheng-Kuang, Hsu; And Others – American Journal of Sociology, 1983
Organizational context, organizational complexity, and bureaucratic control in 50 Japanese industrial manufacturing plants are analyzed. Highly dependent organizations rely on centralization and formalization to maintain administrative control. The significant relationship between formalization and centralization indicates that they are not…
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Bureaucracy, Centralization, Decision Making
