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Measuring Teachers' Knowledge on the Applications of the Nine Pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in Education

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Ravendran, Saravnesvaran; Karpudewan, Mageswary; Ali, Mohd Norawi; Lay, Yoon Fah – Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2023

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) refers to the current rapid technological growth that fundamentally changes how humans live. 4IR is essential to improve higher education worldwide and develop crucial skills such as e-learning and innovation, information and media technology, and life and career skills. This study aims to assess the…

Descriptors: Technological Advancement, Foreign Countries, Technological Literacy, Pedagogical Content Knowledge