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Download full textJordan S. Berne; Brian A. Jacob; Tareena Musaddiq; Anna Shapiro; Christina Weiland – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
Transitional Kindergarten (TK) is a relatively new model of early childhood education, with little evidence on whether and how it affects children's development. This study provides new evidence using data from Michigan, which has the nation's second-largest TK program. Using survey data (N=171) from administrators in 2021-2022, the paper…
Descriptors: Transitional Programs, Early Childhood Education, Kindergarten, Program Content
Following the Letter of the Law: 2020-21 Retention Outcomes under Michigan's Read by Grade Three Law
John Westall; Andrew Utter; Katharine O. Strunk – Education Policy Innovation Collaborative, 2023
Early literacy skills are critical to the educational outcomes of young students. Accordingly, 19 states have early literacy policies that require grade retention for underperforming readers at the end of third grade. However, there is mixed evidence about retention's effectiveness and concerns that retention may disproportionately impact…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, State Legislation, Emergent Literacy, Grade Repetition
Education Trust-Midwest, 2018
Michigan is at a critical moment in time -- a historic moment where citizens and leaders must choose whether the state will take advantage of new opportunities to become a top ten education state -- or face a continued and dramatic educational decline. Today, national data reveal that Michigan's public education system is among the poorest…
Descriptors: Public Education, Low Achievement, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap
