Policy capacity in music education can be enhanced through understanding the policy-making process and state governmental policy. Three examples of engagement in state-level policy action are used to explore agency, negotiation, and visioning as important dispositions for advancing music education policy goals. First, influencing state-level…

The Michigan English Language Arts Framework (MELAF) offers an illustrative case of top-down and bottom-up confluences in curriculum policymaking. In several distinct ways, state policy met local initiatives to create dynamic partnerships to spread change. State systematic reformers looked to the grass roots for ideas and percolating initiatives.…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the operation and effects of Title I ESEA programs operative in selected school districts in Michigan in relation to change in their respective elementary curricula as perceived by elementary school teachers. A total of 87 teachers took part. A questionnaire was developed and administered. In addition,…