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Klausch, Thomas; Schouten, Barry; Hox, Joop J. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2017
This study evaluated three types of bias--total, measurement, and selection bias (SB)--in three sequential mixed-mode designs of the Dutch Crime Victimization Survey: telephone, mail, and web, where nonrespondents were followed up face-to-face (F2F). In the absence of true scores, all biases were estimated as mode effects against two different…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Statistical Bias, Sequential Approach, Benchmarking