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Katsara, Ourania; De Witte, Kristof – Studies in the Education of Adults, 2019
This article discusses the teachers' role in self-directed learning (SDL) -- a central concept in adult education. We explore the use of Socratic questioning to develop critical thinking, which is the outcome of SDL in problem-based learning (PBL). In particular, we analyse 11 adult learners' reflective journals in relation to a Socratic seminar.…
Descriptors: Questioning Techniques, Teaching Methods, Adult Learning, Independent Study

Schmidt, Henk G.; And Others – Academic Medicine, 1993
A study of 336 staff-led, problem-based tutorial groups in a European university health sciences program found that students who were tutored by subject-matter experts achieved somewhat better and spent more time on self-directed learning. In addition, tutoring skill and content knowledge were important in effective tutoring. (Author/MSE)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Allied Health Occupations Education, Foreign Countries, Group Instruction