Challenge-based learning (CBL) offers a promising approach for integrating education for sustainable development (ESD) in secondary schools. However, despite the growing body of knowledge on the implementation of CBL in higher education, less is known about its implementation in secondary education. This qualitative study investigated how…

Climate change adaptation is a notorious example of a wicked problem. Teachers need to have extensive knowledge to design high-quality education that addresses the wickedness and contributes to wicked problem-solving. The components of the knowledge basis for teaching climate change issues can be highlighted with the Pedagogical Content Knowledge…