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Xu, Lihua; Wubbena, Zane; Stewart, Trae – Journal of Educational Administration, 2016
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory…
Descriptors: Leadership Styles, Questionnaires, Transformational Leadership, Factor Structure
Boyd, Donald; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Wyckoff, James – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2013
Test-based accountability as well as value-added asessments and much experimental and quasi-experimental research in education rely on achievement tests to measure student skills and knowledge. Yet, we know little regarding fundamental properties of these tests, an important example being the extent of measurement error and its implications for…
Descriptors: Accountability, Educational Research, Educational Testing, Error of Measurement