Formative assessment may assist teachers in identifying gaps in learning for individual students, thereby providing an avenue for teachers to adjust instruction accordingly. The problem addressed in this study is the insufficient achievement in literacy for English language learners. English language learners may have an even greater need for…

In the United States, dominant language ideology validates the use of Standardized English as the only appropriate linguistic practice (Lippi-Green, 1994; Flores & Rosa, 2015). In educational settings, dominant language ideology entails the beliefs in language standardization and monolingualism (Farr & Song, 2011). The present case study…

Language-related Study Abroad (SA) experiences can be catalysts for learner transformation in the areas of cognition, socialization, and/or affect by virtue of the location and experience. An Open Architecture Curriculum Design (OACD) framework can support, promote, and enhance such transformation, as evidenced in eight programs for young adults,…

Museum educators and instructors of English as a Second Language (ESOL) at a community college in New York reflect on their experiences facilitating a program designed to enrich the language, cultural, and visual literacy skills of adult immigrant students. The CALTA21 program brought together three stakeholders, immigrant ESOL students, language…

The American adult education and literacy movement in the early twentieth century had its roots deep in the study and practice of democracy (Ramdeholl, Giordani, Heaney, Yanow, 2010). From Lindeman, Dewey, Laubach, Horton, to Heaney and Brookfield, a persistent theme is the indispensable relationship between democracy and adult education. For…

This collective case study examined how three educators (a high school social studies teacher, a university social studies teacher educator, and minister teaching an adult population) used a multimedia based curriculum guide, "Teaching the Levees", to teach about climate change to examine public priorities in relation to the environment.…

This newsletter, published five times a year, features articles on issues of concern to adult, family, and youth literacy practitioners, as well as recommended resources, announcements, and teaching strategies. This issue includes: (1) Pushing for Change (Jon Steinberg); (2) Putting the GED to Work (Jill Poklemba); (3) Community Education Pathways…

This newsletter, published five times a year, features articles on issues of concern to adult, family, and youth literacy practitioners, as well as recommended resources, announcements, and teaching strategies. This issue includes: (1) Career Pathways for High School Dropouts: A National Survey (Jon Steinberg); (2) Work (Elyse Barbell); (3) Peer…

THE PRONOUNS INTRODUCED IN LESSON 8 ARE REVIEWED THROUGH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. A DOUBLE QUESTION IS USED AND EXTENDED IN TWO SEPARATE FRAMES. THE FIRST QUESTION CONTAINS THE NEW WORD "WHO" AND IS SPOKEN BY A HELPER. AN EXAMPLE OF PRONOUN REVIEW IS "WHO IS THIS."--THE PICTURE DISPLAYS A THIN MAN IN A ROOM. "THIS IS THE…

THE INTRODUCTION OF PRONOUNS IS CONTINUED. "HIM" AND "HER" ALONG WITH THE POSSESSIVE "S" ARE INTRODUCED. THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE POSSESSIVE CASE, THE LESSON ALSO CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHARACTERS WHO APPEAR IN THIS AND EARLIER LESSONS. INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHARACTERS IS PRESENTED. FOR EXAMPLE,…

LESSON 7 BEGINS THE SECOND QUESTION AND ANSWER SEQUENCE IN THE FIRST UNIT. THE FUNCTION OF THIS SEQUENCE IS TO REVIEW ALL THE PREPOSITIONS INTRODUCED IN LESSON 6. THE NEW WORD "WHERE" IS INTRODUCED BY THE HELPER'S ASKING A QUESTION CONTAINING THE WORD "WHERE." THE STUDENT ANSWERS BY READING THE ANSWER UNDER THE PICTURE. THE…

THE NAMES OF FOUR FOODS - CORN, MILK, BREAD, AND HAM - ARE INTRODUCED BY LINKING THEM WITH PICTURES. A NEW ARTICLE, "THIS," IS INTRODUCED. DISCRIMINATION IS DRAWN BETWEEN "THIS" AND "THE." A SEQUENCE TEACHES THE DIAGRAPH "TH." THE ARTICLE "A" AND THE VERB "ARE" ARE INTRODUCED. THE STUDENT…

THE NOUNS--TABLE, DOOR, ROOM, HOUSE, AND BED--ARE INTRODUCED BY PRESENTING THEM WITH APPROPRIATE PICTURES. THE RELATIONSHIP IS MADE STRONGER BY A DEMAND FOR RECOGNITION IN SITUATIONS WHERE NOUNS ARE COMPARED AND CONTRASTED TO PICTURES. "THE" AND "AND" ARE INTRODUCED BY VISUAL AND ORAL CUES FROM A HELPER. FURTHER DISCRIMINATION…

LESSON 4 BEGINS THE INTRODUCTION OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. THE HELPER BEGINS BY ASKING A QUESTION. THE STUDENT RESPONDS BY READING THE SENTENCE INTRODUCED IN THE LAST LESSON. NEXT, THE QUESTIONS ARE READ BY THE STUDENT. PUNCTUATION IS INTRODUCED--QUESTION MARKS DENOTING QUESTIONS AND PERIODS INDICATING ANSWERS. THEN THE STUDENT IS ASKED TO READ A…

ONE OF THREE STORIES WAS USED AS SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO THE FIRST UNIT, THIS STORY CONCERNS A BOY WHO IS FORCED TO RAKE LEAVES BY HIS MOTHER. THE TEXT IS DRAMATIZED BY RELATED ILLUSTRATIONS AND USES THE READING VOCABULARY DEVELOPED IN THE FIRST UNIT.