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Chen, Stephanie Y.; Ross, Brian H.; Murphy, Gregory L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Category information is used to predict properties of new category members. When categorization is uncertain, people often rely on only one, most likely category to make predictions. Yet studies of perception and action often conclude that people combine multiple sources of information near-optimally. We present a perception-action analog of…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Classification, Logical Thinking, Prediction
Rhodes, Marjorie; Gelman, Susan A.; Karuza, J. Christopher – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2014
These studies examined the role of ontological beliefs about category boundaries in early categorization. Study 1 found that preschool-age children (N = 48, aged 3-4 years old) have domain-specific beliefs about the meaning of category boundaries; children judged the boundaries of natural kind categories (animal species, human gender) as discrete…
Descriptors: Role, Beliefs, Preschool Children, Classification
Chalik, Lisa; Rhodes, Marjorie – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2014
Developing mechanisms for predicting human action is a critical task of early conceptual development. Three studies examined whether 4-year-old children (N = 149) use social allegiances to predict behavior, by testing whether they expect the experiences of social partners to influence individual action. After being exposed to a conflict between…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Prediction, Friendship, Conflict
Glen, Nicole J.; Dotger, Sharon – Journal of Elementary Science Education, 2009
This qualitative study examined how three teachers of upper elementary students used science vocabulary in their lessons. The data revealed that teachers used vocabulary to label science phenomena and interpret scientific concepts for students. The practice of labeling was used more extensively than interpreting. Teachers did not help their…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Scientific Concepts, Science Instruction, Concept Formation