"OPERATION MOTIVATION" WAS STARTED IN 1957 AND SERVES 23 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITH 16,000 CHILDREN, APPROXIMATELY 95 PERCENT OF WHOM ARE NEGRO. ITS PURPOSE IS TO RAISE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH MOTIVATION RATHER THAN ALTERED CURRICULA OR INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES. APPROACHES UNDERTAKEN BY THE PROGRAM INCLUDE CONVINCING THE TEACHERS THAT…

The relationship between self-esteem, academic expectations, and ethnic group membership was studied in a New York City elementary school which had an approximately equal enrollment of Negro, white, and Spanish-background pupils. Subjects were 162 sixth-grade students who were tested with two projective tests and one specifically designed…