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Download full textSchweig, Jonathan – National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST), 2013
Measures of classroom and school environments are a central component of policy efforts that assess school and teacher quality. These measures are often formed by aggregating individual survey responses to form group-level measures, and assume an invariant measurement model holds at both the individual and group level. This paper explores the…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Environment, Classroom Environment, Surveys
