Brendtro, Brokenleg, and Van Bockern (2002) describe the Circle of Courage model for creating environments in which all children can thrive. This approach blends youth developmental research, the wisdom of pioneer workers, and Native American philosophies of child care. This model for reclaiming youth at risk posits four elements as essential for…

Total enrollments (undergraduate and graduate) in languages other than English dropped by 9.2% between fall 2013 and fall 2016, as reported in the Modern Language Association's twenty-fifth language enrollment census. Despite the overall drop, there were gains in nearly half of all language programs (45.5%) that mitigate somewhat the downward…

Community-based participatory research provides communities and researchers with opportunities to develop interventions that are effective as well as acceptable and culturally competent. The present project responds to the voices of the North Carolina American Indian (AI) community and the desire for their youth to recognize tobacco addiction and…

Built around a 1977 needs assessment which sampled 65% of the county Indian population, the Robeson County Title IV-A Compensatory Indian Education Project was structured into four categories of objectives: (1) Student Classroom Performance to increase academic performance; (2) Program Management and Maintenance to involve parents, educators and…

"No part of Cherokee life has been more important to the Tribe, past or present, than that of a good education." Despite this attitude, it has not been easy for the Cherokee to bridge the gap between their subculture and that of the larger dominant U.S. society. Discipline and white enculturation were zealously pursued in early boarding…

In 1983 the North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs received a grant to increase Indian participation in Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs at community colleges in Hoke, Scotland, Halifax, and Warren counties. There were 135 Indian adults recruited in the 4 counties--68% female and 32% male. Ages ranged from 18 and younger (6%) to over 60…

It is time for a new focus in American education, a focus on intranational globalization. Inviting students to explore the multiple perspectives and life experiences of America's multicultural groups has the potential to build empathy and tolerance for the great variety of citizens who inhabit and make up our country--African Americans, Native…

Child bearing is probably one of the most important functions of the family in American society today. This study identified and investigated the (1) reasons for the existing differentials in fertility behavior (preferences, contraceptive use and effectiveness, and actual fertility) of white, black, and American Indian groups in a low income…

Major priority areas established by the American Indian (Lumbee) Parent Committee of the Indian Elementary and Secondary School Assistance Program for Robeson County, North Carolina were: remedial reading; additional vocational education; special guidance programs; accelerated training for gifted; specialists in math; and cultural enrichment…