This study of population change in Ohio during the 1960s and 1970s analyzed change by size of place and found sharp contrasts between the two decades. Places in metropolitan core counties which had the highest growth rate in the 1960s showed that lowest growth rate in the 1970s. Small towns in fringe metropolitan areas and nonmetropolitan counties had higher growth rates in the 1970s, despite the state's overall lower growth and in contrast to the 1960s when Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area core small towns had the best growth and decline. Ohio's 16 Appalachian counties unexpectedly turned from declining population in the 1960s to growth counties in the 1970s with the bulk of growth occurring in places of smallest size. Unincorporated areas showed much higher growth rates in the 1970s than incorporated places in both metropolitan fringe counties and nonmetropolitan counties. Five tables present percentages of population growth, loss, and stability during the two decades by size of place and by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan status, and in rural turnaround countries by size of place, and give a breakdown of 1970 and 1980 population in incorporated and unincorporated areas by metropolitan status. (LFL)