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Rhodes, Katherine T.; Lukowski, Sarah; Branum-Martin, Lee; Opfer, John; Geary, David C.; Petrill, Stephen A. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2019
The strategy choice model (SCM) is a highly influential theory of human problem-solving. One strength of this theory is the allowance for both item and person variance to contribute to problem-solving outcomes, but this central tenet of the model has not been empirically tested. Explanatory item response theory (EIRT) provides an ideal approach to…
Descriptors: Learning Strategies, Addition, Problem Solving, Item Response Theory
Rhodes, Katherine T.; Lukowski, Sarah; Branum-Martin, Lee; Opfer, John; Geary, David C.; Petrill, Stephen A. – Grantee Submission, 2018
The strategy choice model (SCM) is a highly influential theory of human problem-solving. One strength of this theory is the allowance for both item and person variance to contribute to problem-solving outcomes, but this central tenet of the model has not been empirically tested. Explanatory item response theory (EIRT) provides an ideal approach to…
Descriptors: Learning Strategies, Addition, Problem Solving, Item Response Theory
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Weisberg, Steven M.; Schinazi, Victor R.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F.; Epstein, Russell A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
There are marked individual differences in the formation of cognitive maps both in the real world and in virtual environments (VE; e.g., Blajenkova, Motes, & Kozhevnikov, 2005; Chai & Jacobs, 2010; Ishikawa & Montello, 2006; Wen, Ishikawa, & Sato, 2011). These differences, however, are poorly understood and can be difficult to…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Mapping, Individual Differences, Simulated Environment
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Poll, Gerard H.; Miller, Carol A.; Mainela-Arnold, Elina; Adams, Katharine Donnelly; Misra, Maya; Park, Ji Sook – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2013
Background: More limited working memory capacity and slower processing for language and cognitive tasks are characteristics of many children with language difficulties. Individual differences in processing speed have not consistently been found to predict language ability or severity of language impairment. There are conflicting views on whether…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Role
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Chi, Nai-Wen; Grandey, Alicia A.; Diamond, Jennifer A.; Krimmel, Kathleen Royer – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011
Surface acting and deep acting with customers are strategies for service performance, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and mixed. We propose that deep acting is an effective strategy for most employees, whereas surface acting's effect on performance effectiveness depends on employee extraversion. In Study 1, restaurant servers who…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Program Effectiveness, Employees, Extraversion Introversion
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Moore, Don A.; Healy, Paul J. – Psychological Review, 2008
The authors present a reconciliation of 3 distinct ways in which the research literature has defined overconfidence: (a) overestimation of one's actual performance, (b) overplacement of one's performance relative to others, and (c) excessive precision in one's beliefs. Experimental evidence shows that reversals of the first 2 (apparent…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Literature, Self Esteem, Confidence Testing