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Bernstein, Lawrence – 1990
Limitations of using linear, unilevel regression procedures in modeling student achievement are discussed. This study is a part of a broader study that is developing an empirically-based predictive model of variables associated with academic achievement from a multilevel perspective and examining the differences by which parameters are estimated…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Policy, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
Lock, Leonard K.; Miller, Leann R. – 1992
Gender differences were examined in results from the holistic model reading tests developed by the Pennsylvania State Department of Education. Patterns of differences were examined and interpreted within the context of previous reading research. Data were collected from the Testing for Essential Learning and Literacy Skills (TELLS) reading tests…
Descriptors: Comparative Testing, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Grade 3
Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg. – 1985
Pennsylvania Governor Dick Thornburgh initiated an education reform package, "Turning the Tide: An Agenda for Excellence in Pennsylvania Public Schools" in October 1983. The statewide competency testing program which followed was "Testing for Essential Learning and Literacy Skills (TELLS), and it tested reading and mathematics…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Grade 3, Grade 5, Grade 8
Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg. – 1985
Pennsylvania's "Testing for Essential Learning and Literacy Skills" (TELLS) program was instituted during the 1984-85 school year, to identify reading and mathematics problems early in a student's school career. This document describes the intent and legislation behind TELLS, the implementation of the test, population tested, properties…
Descriptors: Cutting Scores, Diagnostic Tests, Educational Diagnosis, Elementary Secondary Education