The emphasis on programming and robotics owing to the unfolding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the African continent has led the South African National Department of Education to propose a new subject in Grades R to 9. Hence, the training and development of pre-service teachers is crucial so that they can respond to the skills needed in…

Mathematics education remains problematic in South Africa's schools. However, some mathematics educators are deliberately using learners' home languages in tasks to assist learners to understand mathematics. Research-based evidence shows that learners' home languages when used as a resource have a potential to enhance learners' understanding of…

As part of curriculum changes in South Africa, an introductory programming language, Scratch, must first be taught before switching to the well-established teaching of Delphi. The nature of programming in Scratch is considerably different from that in Delphi. It was assumed that the teaching of Scratch as introductory programming language could…