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Direct linkJaime León; Fernando Martínez-Abad – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
Background: Grade retention is an educational aspect that concerns teachers, families, and experts. It implies an economic cost for families, as well as a personal cost for the student, who is forced to study one more year. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of course repetition on math, science and reading competencies, and…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Scores, Foreign Countries
Erickson, Gudrun; Åberg-Bengtsson, Lisbeth; Gustafsson, Jan-Eric – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2015
The present study explored data from a survey of students' performance in English at the end of compulsory school in 6 European countries. The aim was to gain deeper knowledge of the internal structure of the test and to discuss similarities and differences between the different settings regarding patterns in language proficiency. The analyses,…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
