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Direct linkAlastair Henry; Cecilia Thorsen; Peter D. MacIntyre – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices affect TL development. They also vary between individuals. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Multilingualism, Swedish
Alastair Henry; Cecilia Thorsen; Peter D. MacIntyre – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices vary between individuals and affect TL development. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Context Effect, Intercultural Communication, Adult Education
Benson, Phil, Ed.; Reinders, Hayo, Ed. – Palgrave Macmillan, 2011
This comprehensive exploration of theoretical and practical aspects of out-of-class teaching and learning, from a variety of perspectives and in various settings around the world, includes a theoretical overview of the field, 11 data-based case studies, and practical advice on materials development for independent learning. Contents of this book…
Descriptors: Informal Education, Independent Study, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning
