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Direct linkAlastair Henry; Cecilia Thorsen; Peter D. MacIntyre – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices affect TL development. They also vary between individuals. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Multilingualism, Swedish
Alastair Henry; Cecilia Thorsen; Peter D. MacIntyre – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices vary between individuals and affect TL development. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Context Effect, Intercultural Communication, Adult Education
Download full textGustafsson, Jan-Eric – 1982
Starting with laboratory research on the suppression of visualization in reading, this study investigates effects of treatments (reading vs. listening and pictures vs. no pictures, in a 2x2 design) and aptitudes on the learning of verbal and spatial types of content. Approximately 100 fifth grade pupils were given a battery of four ability tests,…
Descriptors: Academic Aptitude, Aptitude Treatment Interaction, Attention, Foreign Countries
