This paper introduces Action Reflection Learning (ARL) as a learning methodology that can contribute to, and enrich, the practice of action learning programs. It describes the Swedish constructivist origins of the model, its evolution and the coded responses that resulted from researching the practice. The paper presents the resulting sixteen ARL…

Assessed differences in teaching of the theme of "the shop" in four Swedish preschools and outcomes in terms of children's understanding. Interviews of children were used to assess their levels of comprehension of the workings of a shop. Results indicated that children from experimental groups developed a significantly better…

Acknowledging a recent increased interest in research about self-directed learning, this report analyzes and discusses two different forms of education: self-directed learning and distance education. Here, self-directed learning is identical with autodidactic learning, a form of education that cannot be included in organized adult education; the…