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Jonsson, Bert; Wiklund-Hörnqvist, Carola; Stenlund, Tova; Andersson, Micael; Nyberg, Lars – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
The testing effect, defined as the positive effect of "retrieval practice" (i.e., self-testing) on long-term memory retention relative to other ways to support learning, is a robust empirical phenomenon. Despite substantial scientific evidence for the testing effect, less is known about its effectiveness in relation to individual…
Descriptors: Testing, Cognitive Ability, Individual Differences, Secondary School Students
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Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Reynolds, Chandra A.; Finkel, Deborah; Pedersen, Nancy L. – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Aging-related declines occur in many different domains of cognitive function during middle and late adulthood. However, whether a global dimension underlies individual differences in changes in different domains of cognition and whether global genetic influences on cognitive changes exist is less clear. We addressed these issues by applying…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Aging (Individuals), Cognitive Ability
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Del Missier, Fabio; Mäntylä, Timo; Hansson, Patrik; Bruine de Bruin, Wändi; Parker, Andrew M.; Nilsson, Lars-Göran – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Several judgment and decision-making tasks are assumed to involve memory functions, but significant knowledge gaps on the memory processes underlying these tasks remain. In a study on 568 adults between 25 and 80 years of age, hypotheses were tested on the specific relationships between individual differences in working memory, episodic memory,…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Memory, Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes
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Wahlin, Ake; Maitland, Scott B.; Backman, Lars; Dixon, Roger A. – International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 2003
Recent research has documented associations between subjective health ratings and objective indicators of disease and death. Less is known about relations between subjective health ratings and level of cognitive performance in older adults. In this study, we explored whether subjective health ratings are related to episodic memory performance,…
Descriptors: Correlation, Individual Differences, Older Adults, Physical Health
Waern, Yvonne – 1976
It is suggested that a reader's idea structure will affect processing of incoming information. Two aspects of the idea structure are further developed--the truth value aspect and the analytic level aspect. The idea structure can be characterized by ideas consisting of propositions which are considered to be more or less true or false (beliefs), or…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Beliefs, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension