This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and gather evidence supporting the validity of scores from a traditional Chinese version of the Claremont Purpose Scale (TC-CPS) among Taiwanese adolescents. The TC-CPS, measuring meaningfulness, goal directedness, and beyond-the-self orientation, was administered to 233 high school and 445…

Principal instructional leadership (PIL) refers to the management of school curriculum, instruction, and assessment by the principal of a school. It is essential to measure the extent of the instructional leadership provided by principals and to propose means of improving instructional leadership. The principal instructional leadership scale…

This study developed an Adolescents' Uncertainty Scale (AUS), with the aim of understanding individual differences in uncertainty among adolescents. In the pretest phase, 507 ninth-grade students were recruited. After exploratory factor analyses, a 25-item AUS with four dimensions--irresoluteness, instability, lack of self-knowledge, and…

Given the increasing emphasis of communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts and the lack of validation research on speaking assessments for adolescent EFL learners, in the current study we examined the validity of the TOEFL Junior® speaking test, a relatively new speaking assessment developed by Educational Testing…

A prior study developed the Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) for assessing individuals' computational thinking dispositions in five dimensions: decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. This study proposed the Developmental Model of Computational Thinking through validating the structural relationships…

One of the major purposes of this study is to investigate the potential impact of gender and information and computer technology (ICT) resources on students' computational thinking (CT) competencies. To this end, the Computational Thinking Test for Junior High Students (CTT-JH) was developed and validated. Research participants included 437 junior…

Constraints-led approach (CLA) is widely used in physical education (PE). This four-phased study aimed to develop a self-report measurement of students' perceived constraints support in PE. The relationships among students' perceived constraints support, competence and novelty need satisfaction, motivation, effort, and engagement in PE were also…

This study developed a scale to assess high school students' programming disposition. The scale was developed by utilizing a standardized test development process. The three constructs of the scale, namely confidence, persistence and flexible thinking, consisted of 9 items (3 items on each construct). Participants for the formal test of the scale…

Promoting student engagement in learning activities and tasks has been a pivotal issue and goal of science education. Relevant literature has not yet addressed the underlying associations among students' self-efficacy and engagement in science learning from a multi-dimensional perspective. Thus, this study aimed to examine the structural…

This investigation (1) elucidates genuine interest in the context of learning from Dewey's perspective, (2) assesses construct validity evidence for a genuine interest conceptual model using data from the Factors Effecting Ethics Learning survey, and (3) assesses measurement invariance of the genuine interest constructs between male (n = 352) and…

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the STEM Career Interest Survey (STEM-CCIS) with data from 590 high-school students in Taiwan. Measurement models based on Social-Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and STEM discipline-specific dimensions (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) were examined using…

Ocean literacy is of particular importance to an island nation like Taiwan. In this study, a Chinese version testing tool for ocean literacy was developed specifically for senior high students in Taiwan. The ocean literacy inventory can be administered using a group test format and consists of the following seven subscales: features of ocean,…

The tools used for measuring examination stress have three main limitations: sample selected, sample sizes, and measurement contents. In this study, we constructed the Examination Stress Scale (ExamSS), and 4,717 high school students participated in this research. The results indicate that ExamSS has satisfactory reliability, construct validity,…

This study established a Chinese scale for measuring high school students' ocean literacy. This included testing its reliability, validity, and differential item functioning (DIF) with the aim of compensating for the lack of DIF tests focusing on current scales. The construct validity and reliability were verified and tested by analyzing the…

Robotics education has gradually been emphasized in contemporary school curricula; however, assessment tools for robotics learning are still limited. Based on Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives, this study aimed to develop the Robotics Learning Self-Efficacy Scale (RLSES) with a two-level construct of five dimensions for assessing…