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Wu, Jason H.; Hoy, Wayne K.; Tarter, C. John – Journal of Educational Administration, 2013
Purpose: The purpose of this research is twofold: to test a theory of academic optimism in Taiwan elementary schools and to expand the theory by adding new variables, collective responsibility and enabling school structure, to the model. Design/methodology/approach: Structural equation modeling was used to test, refine, and expand an…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary Schools, School Administration, Administrative Organization