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Effects of Presentation Mode on Mobile Language Learning: A Performance Efficiency Perspective
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Chen, I-Jung; Chang, Chi-Cheng; Yen, Jung-Chuan – Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2012
This study investigated the effects of simultaneous written text on the comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language, when the text is presented with the aid of a personal digital assistant (PDA) as a learning tool. Eighty-seven university students majoring in applied foreign languages were randomly assigned to either listening with…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Listening Comprehension, Written Language